The Attitude towards Alzheimer's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Attitude towards Alzheimer's - Essay Example Despite the fact that exploration on care-giving disproportionally manages themes, for example, expenses of care, administration use, and negative psychosocial results and so forth, the impact of the disposition towards Alzheimer's on the consideration providing for the patients has not achieved noteworthy consideration in investigates. Investigates on the demeanor of the relatives towards Alzheimer's have incredible significance as it can help better mind offered to the people with Alzheimer's by the individuals quickly near them. As it is families who manage life, it is significant for families to manage ailments, particularly an illness like Alzheimer's. Given that Alzheimer's is a problematic yet regularly unobtrusive illness, boundlessly factor, it will in general realize family emergency, even in the best sorted out and most beneficial of families. This is on the grounds that the beginnings of the illness include continuous loss of capacity to work well throughout everyday life , as opposed to explicit side effects requiring explicit treatment. It is an ailment of practices, and families need to settle on choices about their own practices because of the disease. In families with undesirable communication designs, Alzheimer's sickness turns into another battleground. (Gray-Davidson, 1999, p. 47). Subsequently, the disposition of the families towards Alzheimer's importantly affects the consideration offered to people with Alzheimer's sickness and an examination on the various mentalities can add to a superior medicinal services offered to patients with Alzheimer's. Degree The disposition of the families towards Alzheimer's has been discovered one of the most fundamental components affecting the kind of care offered to people with Alzheimer's. An intelligent investigation of the different basic mentalities towards Alzheimer's and their impacts on the social insurance can decide the different powerful approaches to treat the patients and help them in adapting to the specific circumstance of the life. Subsequently, the extent of exploration concerning mentality of the families towards Alzheimer's is immense and this particular investigation centers around deciding the fundamental components in the various perspectives towards Alzheimer's. Theory One of the fundamental components deciding the consideration given to people with Alzheimer's is the disposition of the families towards Alzheimer's as family is the basic unit of the general public to manage the issues going up against people with Alzheimer's. Hence, the hidden speculation of this examination is that the mentality of the families towards Alzheimer's affects how the patient is dealt with and taken care of in the family foundation and it is basic to build up an uplifting disposition towards Alzheimer's so as to help the patient viably. Writing Review Different kinds of perspectives by various segment of the general public towards Alzheimer's affect the determination, human services, and treatment of the ailment. For instance, a doctor's inspirational mentality towards Alzheimer's has been discovered one of the most fundamental factors in early finding of the sickness and it can influence how the patient is offered medicinal services over the span of the malady. In their progressing study, Paterson and associates found that a specialist's inspirational mentality about the distinguishing proof and treatment of dementia is the most

The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention - Essay Example Exchange among nations assumes an essential job in building their affordable force. With common joint effort as far as exchange, various countries fulfill one another’s needs. Truth be told, numerous countries rely on exchange and will experience the ill effects of serious monetary decrease if the exchange finished. When this occurs, monetary decrease will before long be trailed by social and social decay, and such a country may crumple in general. Job of exchange keeping up the solidarity and uprightness of a country can not be denied. However, Friedman’s attestation that exchange accomplices can never battle with one another appears to be very overstated and theoretical, and history gives proof to this. Despite the fact that Friedman has alluded to the instance of India and Pakistan, and China and Taiwan trying to help his contention with realities from the history, yet a cautious examination of the very cases proposes that there were a few different reasons that shie lded India and Pakistan from battling with one another that were considerably more grounded than the upkeep of exchange. India and Pakistan didn't battle with one another in the beginning of 21st century since India had understood that Pakistan is likewise furnished with atomic force. Had she begun the war, Pakistan would have paid her in a similar coin, and the outcomes would have been as horrible for India herself, with respect to Pakistan. To state that India didn't begin a war with Pakistan around then since she dreaded she would free her exchange accomplices is to be sure, fragmented truth. Comparative reasons can be sifted through for the instance of China and Taiwan. Corporate bodies have opened their establishments practically everywhere throughout the world. Same remains constant for consulates. All nations have traditionally kept up their international safe havens in clashing nations. The wellbeing of government offices has never been on stake notwithstanding that reality that a great deal of nations have enjoyed war with each other before. Then again, William Duiker is wary about the solidarity among singular countries on the

2015 Quiet Time - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2015 Quiet Time - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2015 Quiet Time Starting on January 28, our office will be in quiet time to allow our counselors to focus on reading admission files. Our main desk will still be taking phone calls and answering emails and we will still be conducting Information Sessions. However, admissions counselors are no longer able to take phone calls or work with students and families that visit our office. Counselors need to focus on file reading in order to be able to release decisions by late March. We are continuing to work with guidance counselors to help complete admissions files, but it may take a little longer to respond. For more information, please visit our Quiet Time Information Page. Go Dawgs!

Analysis Of The Film The Movie Get Out - 1121 Words

In America, racism as well as race relations are generally extremely sensitive subjects that are often brushed underneath the rug. Earlier this year, Jordan Peele’s Get Out graced the big screen, and left audiences with a great deal to digest. Peele’s first cinematic debut touched on the delicate topics of racism and the continuous devaluing of African American culture by â€Å"liberal† Caucasians in American suburbs. In this essay, one will explore the ways in which works written by modern political thinkers such as Nietzsche and Marx effortlessly add perspective through various theories on the difficulties brought to light in the motion picture, Get Out. The movie Get Out begins when a young interracial couple, Chris and Rose, go to meet†¦show more content†¦Conversely, Chris appears to resonate with the idea that the bourgeoisie did not necessarily free man from being bound to others, but the bourgeoisie improved conditions for individuals such as the proletariat who were destined to work underneath others. From Chris’s perspective, the symbolism of an affluent Caucasian family having colored help is a direct correlation to African Americans still being valued as second class modern proletariat citizens in the United States. Following the revelation of his girlfriend’s parents having colored help, Chris is warmly greeted by Rose’s seemingly tolerant and friendly parents. Rose’s parents try to make Chris feel at home by telling him stories of the family patriarch losing a shot at the Olympics due to Jesse Owens. Similarly, they reassured Chris that they would have voted for Obama again for a third term if they could have. The Armitages were undoubtedly trying very hard to make Chris feel comfortable and relaxed, nonetheless it left Chris and audience members alike feeling as if the Armitages were purely trying too hard. It is a commonly acknowledged notion that whenever an individual is going above and beyond to give the impression of being relatable in order to make someone feel comfortable, they are commonly hiding something. As Nietzsche put it, â€Å"To talk much about oneself may also be a means of concealing oneself,† (Nietzsche 169). Rose’s parents give the audien ce the impression that there is something bizarreShow MoreRelatedEssay on Production Report1087 Words   |  5 PagesThriller Movie, a Children’s Television Programme, A magazine or a Radio Advert. After looking at them carefully, I decided to produce an opening sequence of a Thriller Movie. The sequence had to be at least two minutes long. 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Regulating the internet business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3802 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? Law and Regulatory Requirements Relating to Internet business retailing Introduction We have been asked to advise Alfred with regard to three claims that have been made against his company Alfsoft Ltd, which is a software development and production business, in respect of its business activities. Two of these potential claims arise from the sale of software programs through his Internet website and the third claim relates to a issue regarding the legal usage of the businesses registered domain name. Issues relating to sale of products Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company sells software through his Internet website. This software can either be purchased online and downloaded direct from the site, or ordered online and sent out to the consumer in the form of a DVD to the buyers home address. Brian, who lives outside of the UK, but within the EU, has purchased the software using the download option and Cassy, who resides in the UK, has purchased it using the DVD despatch method. Upon installing the software to their own machines, both Brian and Cassy have experienced virus problems as a result of loading the software onto their computers and are now claiming compensation from Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company for the damage that has arisen as a result of this virus. Brianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim is for business interruption amounting to  £10,000 and Cassyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is claiming  £100 cost that she incurred in have to take her computer to be repaired. Electronic Commerce Legislation To eval uate Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability relating to these claims, it is necessary to understand the legislation that covers these issues. The UK has implemented the EU directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament by the enactment of the Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations (2002). The provisions of this act relate specifically to the performance of e-commerce and the conditions under which this should be conducted, together with the protection that is afforded to the consumer. Although this act assumes that the laws of the UK relate to a UK based e-commerce business in certain areas, it does not preclude a person from another member state from taking action according to the laws of their own state. However, in this case the person would have to request those who have jurisdiction to encourage the UK legal authorities to take action on their behalf (Office of Fair Trading 2007). In addition to this legislation, Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business activities would also be conducted under the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000 (see Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) regulation 10), and the law of contract and the common law duties of negligence (Rustad and Daftary 2003, p.437). The first point in the two cases in question relates to the disclaimer. Firstly, disclaimers have to be conspicuous and without any à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“express or implied warrantiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and should be placed in a position that they need to be read and agreed to before a consumer commences to view or download information (Rustad and Daftary 2003, p.163). Secondly, it needs to make it clear that the web-site owner utilises the site and facilities at their own risk (Rustad and Daftary 2003, p.556). Thirdly, the site does not necessarily need to explain the facility of downloading or printing information (Campbell and Woodley 2003, p.54), although most sites will contain this information. Regulation 6 and 7 of the Act (2002) covers this point. H owever, the e-commerce business has certain responsibilities in respect of security. This relates to a number of factors. For example, there is the security of information that is collected from the consumer, which needs to be protected by the selling business. In addition, and more relevant to the case being reviewed, is the security issue relating to the protection of the information that the site contains and threats that may occur, for which the relevant security apparatus should be in place, which should also be updated as required to ensure that the business is secure at all times (Rustad and Daftary 2003, p.142 and p.177). Website security needs to be maintained at the highest level available at all times. All e-commerce business has a duty to protect its consumers and a company that outdated security, or security which is inadequate for the task required, such as the downloading of software could find themselves guilty of negligence and have a liability for any damage that m ay result from the activity of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hackerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or from any virus that is transmitted with the download (Rustad and Daftary 2003, p.437 and p.505; and Spindler 2002, p.88). For example, in the case of Pegler Ltd v Wang (UK) Ltd[1] where a computer failed, the defendants would found to be liable for damages in respect of that failure and damages were assessed, although no formal records had been kept, in respect of the interruption to the plaintiffs business. Once an incidence of negligence has occurred the consumer can claim against the business and does not have to identify a particular person for responsibility for that negligence (Carroll and Others v Fearon and Others) One of the crucial aspects for the grounds for successful negligence is there sufficient evidence to enable an action. For example, should the defendant have been aware of the potential for the damage to be caused and did they take reasonable precautions to avoid this. In the case of S wain v Puri[2] it was held that such knowledge should have been available, and that the turning of a blind eye to it was no defence. The events that took place between Alfred and the two consumers identified within this case would also fall within the Sale and Supply of Goods Act (1994). This act provides the consumer with certain rights that would not normally be available to them under the normal rules of contract law, and is intended to provide for a more rapid solution to issues that arrive. The act outlines the duties and responsibilities for both parties. One of the key aspects of this act is the implied terms and conditions and of these it is the implied conditions that are the most important. Of particular relevance to the case being studied is section 14(2), which states that the goods must conform to: (a)fitness for all the purposes for which goods of the kind in question are commonly supplied, (b)appearance and finish, (c)freedom from minor defects, (d)saf ety, and (e)durability. This means that the goods must not only fit for the purpose for which they were intended, but must also be safe and free from any defects. In the case of Rogers and Another v Parish (Scarborough) Ltd and Another 1987 it was held that the goods sold, because of its defects, whilst usable were not of a satisfactory quality under the terms of the act. In section 53(a) this act also provides for the consumer to be able to claim damages that can be justifiably have arisen as a result of that breach. These implied conditions do not necessarily have to be written into the terms as they are reliant upon what the courts would determine as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“what a reasonable person would expectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  from the performance of the act of buying the goods. Breach of Duty of care In addition, under common law, both parties who enter into a contract owe a duty of care to the other. In the case of the Sale and Supply of Goods Act (1994), this means that the seller would owe a duty of care to the buyer and visa-versa. If one party claims there is a breach of that duty, for example the buyer, they have to prove such a breach has taken place, using a number of criteria. The first of these is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“proximity.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It has to be proven that the person who committed the breach is required to have reasonably thought about the consequences that an act of breach would cause, and how it would affect those who suffered from it. In particular, that person has to consider the fact that those who would be most directly and immediately affected by any breach were due a duty of care. In other words, a duty of care was owed to the person who was immediately affected by the damage. The basis for this rule was laid out in the legal case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562, by Lord Atkin (Hodgson and Lewthwaite, 2004, p.118). Foreseeability is another criterion upon which breach of duty of care is judged. In other words could t he breach and the damage seen have perceived to be likely to occur? In determining this issue, the courts will again evaluate the level of foreseeing the possibility on the grounds of what would have been reasonably expected. However, what is excluded when approaching this area, as was found in the case of Roe v Minister of Health (1954) 2 AER 131 (Hodgson and Lewthwaite, 2004, p.82), was any action where the determination of forseeability can only be confirmed by the benefit of hindsight. Safety and security also impacts upon duty of care. In this respect one has to consider the practicality of assessing the risk and measuring that against the precautions that have or should have been taken to reduce the risk as far as possible. The case of Daniel Wilson v Governor of Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Primary School (1997) EWCA Civ 2644[3] refers to this issue. Although this case deals with a physical personal risk, the same rules apply to risks from damaged goods. To enable succes s for a claim under the breach of duty of care rules, the person making the claim has to have suffered an actual damage. It is highly unlikely that the claim will be found in their favour if there is no actual damage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Regulating the internet business" essay for you Create order Conclusion In the case of Brian and Cassy, a contract for the purchase of the software goods from Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company would have been formed at the moment that they both indicated, by pressing the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I acceptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  option on the terms and conditions, and making their payments, that they wished to purchase the product at the agreed price and, in the case of Brian, commencing the download to his own system, and with Cassy, the acceptance of the DVD and transferring the information to her computer (Spindler 2002, p.319). From that instance, these contracts would have been subject to the various legislations and regulations that have been outlined in previous sections. The conclusion is that there are several issues to be addressed. Firstly, from the information relating to the case it is apparent that the software was vulnerable to the particular virus that infected the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s computers. Therefore, under the sale and supply of goods Act (1994) there is the potential for a valid claim from both parties. The key issue here is whether Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company should have foreseen this virus infection. It would be our contention that due to the fact that both of these transactions were originally undertaken online, which is renowned for the incidences of viruses, it is reasonable to suggest that such an infection was always a possibility. However, the question of the level and appropriateness of the website security arises. If it was out of date or not sufficient for the task, then the potential for the claim is strengthened. (Rustad and Daftary 2003, p.437 and p.505; and Spindler 2002, p.88). If the website was operating an adequate security system, which was regularly updated, then in may have been reasonable to assume that the software was protected. Furthermore, despite the fact that the terms and conditions that Brian and Cassy accepted contained a disclaimer, there are implied terms that would be inc umbent upon the business. For example, it would have been reasonable for the buyers to rely upon the belief that the software would have been free from all known viruses. In the case of Cassy, who received her software package through the post on a DVD, it is concluded that this consumer has a valid claim, which she could pursue through the UK courts. The reasoning for this is that, with the constant threat of virus infection surrounding software, she could have reasonably expected that the DVD and its contents would have been screened for viruses prior to being dispatched. The fact that it was still infected when it was transferred to her computer suggests that insufficient care was taken by Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company in minimising the potential threat from this source being transmitted to Cassyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s machine. In conclusion, particularly in terms of low the amount of the claim, it would be advisable to settle this case. With regard to Brian, the two signif icant differences are that he downloaded the software direct from the Internet and that he resides in a member state of the EU outside of the UK. In the first part of this, one has to consider whether Brian himself had a duty to endeavour to reduce the risk of damage. As with Alfred, it could be argued that Brian would have been aware of the potential threat from viruses that occur on the Internet and, particularly, that these threats often materialise through the transmission of data from one machine to another. Therefore, it would have been reasonable to assume that there would have been a level of protection from threat on Brianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own computer that would have been capable to detecting the infection on the software, which would have rejected the download. In this case it is advised that liability, although it still exists for Alfred, may be reduced as a result of Brianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own lack of security. Use of domain name Alfred has incorporated his business under the name of Alfsoft Ltd., and also registered the name à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Alfsoftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as a UK trademark for computer software. In addition, the domain name alfsoft.com has also been registered. All of these actions were undertaken in 2006. However, an international US competitor, Alpha-software LLC, had previously registered the trademark Alphasoft and the domain name alphasoft.com in 2001. This company is demanding that Alfsoft Ltd transfer the domain name of alfsoft.com to them on the grounds that it so similar to their own that it could be confused. They are threatening legal action as provided for by UDRP[4] policy introduced in 1999 by ICANN[5] unless Alfred accedes to their request. A domain name is an extension of a businesses promotional activity, particular in respect of e-commerce Rustad and Daftary (2003, p.82) and website use. In addition to enabling the business to promote to customers within their own national terr itory, for example within the UK by registering a domain name with the extension, .co.uk, a business can seek international marketing expansion by registering a domain name with the extension .com. All domain names are registered with an Internet provider, who charges a fee for maintaining the domain name on the Internet. As part of the registration, acceptances of the UDRG policy are now automatically incorporated within the agreement. Historically, there have long been problems with domain names. The majority of this arose from the fact that Internet users would, as Carl and Joynson (2002) explain: Register domain names for famous brands, such as MacDonalds.com and then charge the land-based trademark holder a significant amount to buy it from them. This is known as Cybersquatting. Register a name that is so alike to a well-known brand as provide unfair advantage to the person holding the similar brand (known as passing off), or that could lead to confusion for those searching the Internet. Register an abusive name, which was normally performed in cases where a person or persons had reason, real or imagined, to want to attack the brand holder. In was in an effort to address these issues that the ICANN was formed and the UDRP (1999) policy was were introduced. This policy provide for the resolution of disputes that arise in respect of domain names and set down prescribed methods of approach to be used in such instances (Campbell and Woodley 2003, p.128). Under the terms of these policies a certain number of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dispute resolution providersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  who have been approved by ICANN will deal with the dispute. As can be seen from table 1 below, as of 2002 there were four such providers, the World Intellectual Protection Organisation, National Arbitration Forum, eResolution and CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution, although others, including the Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre, which has three offices, have since joined this list. The first proceeding under this policy commenced in December 1999 and, as can be seen from the list of providers, in the two years following that date there were over f our thousand cases lodged, which are spread across the various dispute resolution providers. Table 1 Dispute resolution providers Source: https://www.udrpinfo.com/dcsn.php#data The most important section of the UDRG policy, and the one that is relevant to the case in question, is number four[6]. This outlines the incidences, which may lead to a dispute and potential claim as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“4 (a) Applicable Disputes (i) your domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the complainant has rights; and (ii) you have no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and (iii) your domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Section 4 (b) further clarifies the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“bad faithà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and it is part (iv) of this section that Alpha-Software LLC is relying upon as evidence to support their threatened claim against Alfred and his company, w hich makes the following statement: (iv) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by using the domain name, you have intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to your web site or other on-line location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the complainants mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of your web site or location or of a product or service on your web site or location.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To ascertain the validity of Alpha-softwareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim, the two key elements are a) whether the registration was intentional and b) whether confusion is likely to arise. To assist in this deliberation four decisions of cases conducted through the dispute resolution providers have been studied. Facetime à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Case No: NAF FA0092048[7] In this case both the complainant and the respondent were in the business of website software solutions. The complainant, Facetime Communications Inc., registered their domain name in1999 and were awaiting a US trademark decision on their application for facetime.com. The respondent, Live Persons Inc registered facetime.com in January 2000, with the purpose of selling it on. The finding was that the respondent must transfer the domain to the complainant, as their use contravened all three aspects of UDRG section 4 (b). Easyjet Ltd à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Case No: D 2000-0024[8] In this case easyjet already owned the domain easyjet.com. However they complained that the respondentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s registration of easyjet.net was identical and should be transferred. Their complaint was upheld, which set a precedent that the dot extension was irrelevant when deciding a case. Camco Inc v Pawnbrokers super-store à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Case number[9] In this case the complainant had registered Asuperpawn [emailprotected] The respondent had registered superpawn.com. The complainant claimed the similarity was confusing and requested transfer. However the claim was denied. The grounds for this denial was that a) the complainant had failed to evidence that the respondent was using the name in bad faith, b) there was no evidence to support direct competition, and c) there was no evidence to attract users by confusion. Venus Swimwear Inc v The GBC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Case Number NAF FA0094234[10] The complainant had registered the trademark Venus Swimwear and the two domains venusswimwear.com and venusswimwear.org. The respondent registered the domain venusswimwear.net. It was claimed that the respondent registered the name to sell later at a profit or to dilute the name of Venus Swimwear. However, the respondent successfully argued that they were using the domain for a specific trading purpose. The claim was denied as the complaint had not proved all aspects of UDRG clause 4 (b), particularly parts (ii) and (iii). Two points can be specifically identified from these cases. The first is that the pre-existence of a trademark does not necessarily mean that a transfer would be granted. The second is that, in order to succeed, a claim must evidence that the respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ default relates to all clauses in UDRG 4 (b). However, a point of caution should be noted. Of the cases identified in table 1, the majority have been found in favour of the complainant. Co nclusion In respect of the complaint threatened against Alfsoft Ltd by Alpha-Software LLC, from the evidence that has been reviewed the registration undertaken by Alfred appears to have been taken for the purpose of conducting sales of his companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s software. Whilst there may be a similarity in the pronunciation of the name, it is our conclusion that there is insufficient evidence to support a claim that Alfredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company had no legitimate interest in using the name, nor that there was any intention to use it in bad faith. Therefore, it is suggested that the likelihood is than any such claim by the complainant would fail. Bibliography Adams, Alix (2006). Law for Business Students. Pearson Education. UK. 4th Edition Hodgson, John and Lewthwaite (2004) Tort Law Textbook. Oxford University Press, UK. Rev Edition. Marsh, S.B and Soulsby, J. (2002). Business Law. Nelson Thornes Ltd, UK. 8th Edition. McKendrick, (2005) Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. Oxford University Press, UK Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (1999). ICANN. Retrieved 23 April 2007 from  https://archive.icann.org/en/udrp/udrp-policy-24oct99.htm WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Centre (2004). Collection of WIPO UDRP Domain Name Panel Decisions. Kluwer Law International. The Hague, Netherlands. Rustad. Michael L and Daftary, Cyrus (2003). E-Business Legal Handbook. Aspen Law and Business. New York, US. Spindler, Gerals and Borner, Fritiof (). E-commerce Law in Europe and the USA. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany. Campbell, Dennis and Woodley, Susan (eds.) (2003). E-commerce: Law and Jurisdiction. Kluwer Law International. The Haque, Netherlands. Carl, Tom and Joynson, Taylor (2002). United Kindom: Trade Mark Owners: 19 Cybersquatters: 1. Managing Intellectual Property. Retrieved 23 April 2007 from https://www.managingip.com/?Page=10PUBID=34ISS=12550SID=471754TYPE=20 The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Reg ulations (2002). Retrieved 22 April 2007 from  https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/2013/contents/made Office of Fair Trading (2007). E-commerce regulations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" What do they do. Retrieved 22 April 2007 from https://www.crw.gov.uk/Other+legislation/E-Commerce/E-Commerce+Regulations+-+what+do+they+do.htm Sale of Goods Act (1994). Retrieved 22 April 2007 from https://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940035_en_1.htm 1 Footnotes [1] Pegler Ltd v Wang (UK) Ltd [2000] EWHC Technology 137; 1997 TCC No. 219 [2] Swain v Puri [1996] PIQR 442 [3] Retrieved 22 December 2006 from https://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1997/2644.htmlquery=Sacred+Heartmethod=all [4] Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy [5] Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers [6] Mandatory Administrative Proceedings. [7] https://www.arbforum.com/domains/decisions/92048.htm [8] https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/html/2000/d2000-0024.html [9] https://www.arbforum.com/domains/decisions/94189.htm [10] https://www.arbforum.com/domains/decisions/94234.htm

Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Free Essays

National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Section A: COMPULSORY Answer ALL questions 1-12 1. A resistance temperature device has a resistance R0 = 100 ? at 0o C. If the resistance RT = 197. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7 ? in an oil bath, what is the temperature of the oil in the bath, given that RT = R0(1+? T)? Take R0 = 100 ? R0 = resistance at 0o C ? = 3. 9083 x 10-3 /o C (2 marks) NDE Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Exam 2008 Name: _______________________________________ Read all the instructions before starting Do not open this paper until instructed Time allowed: 2 hours (plus 5 minutes reading time) Attempt ALL question in Section A (questions 1 – 12) Attempt any TWO from Section B (questions 13-15) Answer the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper. Use the back of the previous page if required. If you attempted all three questions in section B, then cross out the question you don’t want marked. The marker will mark the first 2 questions not crossed out. Show all relevant working. Marks will be awarded for method as well as correct answers Add your name to the top of this page 3. A steel shaft has a diameter of 25. 0 mm at 20 °C. A brass retaining collar has an internal diameter 24. 95 mm at the same temperature. If the shaft is cooled to 0 °C, find the temperature to which the retaining collar must be heated if is to have a clearance of 0. 10 mm when it is fitted to the shaft. Take ? Steel = 12 x 10-6 /oCand ? Brass = 19 x 10-6 /oC. (4 marks) 2. A steel casting (C = 460 J/kgK) of mass 2. 4 kg is cooled from 350 °C by placing in a container of 12 kg of water (C = 4200 J/kgK) at 18 °C. Assuming no heat is transferred to the container, calculate the final temperature. (4 marks) Instructions: Attachments: Marking: Formulae, saturated water tables Individual marks are shown on each question. There are a total of 70 marks representing 50% of your final mark in this subject. A minimum of 40% in this exam is a requirement for course completion Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 2 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 4. Heat was added to 10 kg of saturated liquid water at a pressure of 2 bar at the rate of 20 kW for 10 minutes. Given the following information from the saturated water table, and assuming perfect insulation: hf = 505 kJ/kg, hfg = 2202 kJ/kg, hg = 2707 kJ/kg, Ts = 120. 2 °C a. Find the dryness fraction of the steam after the initial 10 minutes. (4 marks) 5. For the complete combustion of acetylene, C2H2: a. Write down the balanced combustion equation (2 marks) b. Determine the stoichiometric air to fuel mass ratio (5 marks) Atomic weights: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, N = 14 Air composition: 23% oxygen, 77% nitrogen (by mass) . Calculate the time (in minutes and seconds) for which the steam must be heated at the same rate in order to become fully dry. (3 marks) 6. Prepare a labelled sketch of a manometer inclined at 5o to a horizontal datum. If the manometer contains oil with a density of 800 kg / m3, and a change in the pressure applied to it is 50 Pa, find the oil deflection in mm. (4 ma rks) O f il de lect ion 5o Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 3 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 4 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 7. Explain for the Seebeck effect and how it may be applied to temperature measurement. (3 marks) 10. Find the total heat transfer, per m2, through the wall shown below. Neglect radiation. Air temperature –5 °C h = 10 W/m2K Brick 70 mm thick k = 2. 3 W/mK Air Gap R = 1. 5 m2K/W (5 marks) Surface temperature 25 °C Gib 9 mm k = 0. 1 W/mK 8. The non-flow energy equation is given as Q – W= ? U. State the equation as it applies to: a. Isothermal b. Polytropic, and c. Adiabatic processes . (3 marks) 9. 50 litres of oxygen at 200C has a pressure of 850 kPa (abs). Find the pressure if its volume is reduced to 100 litres at: a. constant temperature Batts R = 2. 2 b. 850C 11. A chilly bin is 400 mm long, 200 mm high, 200 mm deep and is made from material 2 cm thick with a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 0. 028. The chilly bin contains ice – how much ice will melt in eigh t hours if the ambient air temperature is 300C? Take enthalpy of fusion for water as 335 kJ/kg. (5 marks) (5 marks) Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 5 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 6 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 12. Air is compressed from 99 kPaABS, 20 °C and 1. 5 litres to a volume of 0. 2 litres (5 marks) according to the law PV1. 25 = C. Find the following; a. Determine the mass of the gas Section B Answer any TWO questions from questions 13-15 13. A steam pipe is 75 mm external diameter and is 80 m long. It conveys steam at a rate of 1000 kg/h at a pressure of 2 Mpa. The steam enters the pipe with a dryness fraction of 0. 8 and is to leave the pipe with a dryness of not less than 0. 96. The pipe must be insulated – the material to be used has a thermal coefficient of conductivity of 0. 08 W/mK. If the temperature drop across the pipe is negligible, find the minimum thickness of insulation required to meet the conditions. The temperature at the outer surface of the insulation is 27 0C. (10 marks ) b. Determine the final pressure c. Determine the final temperature End of Compulsory section. Answer only TWO of the remaining questions. Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 7 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 8 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Answer question 13 here 14. A one-shell-pass, eight-tube-passes heat exchanger is used to heat glycerine from 25oC to 60oC at mass flow rate of 3000 kg /h. The heating liquid is water which enters the thin-walled, 12 mm diameter tubes at 90oC with a mass flow rate of 26 kg / min. On the shell side the convective heat transfer coefficient is 2000 W / m2 K and on the water side the corresponding value is 2400 W / m2K. After some time in operation a fouling factor of 0. 0004 m2 K / W develops on the outer tube surfaces. Take cGLYCERINE = 2. 43 kJ / kg K and cWATER = 4. 2 kJ / kg K. Calculate: Glycerine in Water Glycerine out a. The rate of heat transfer in the device before fouling occurs. (1 mark) b. Outlet temperature of water. (2 marks) c. Log mean temperature difference (LMTD). (2 marks) d. Coefficient of heat transfer after fouling has developed. (2 marks) e. Total length of tube required, using â€Å"dirty† coefficient of heat transfer (3 marks) Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 9 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 10 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Answer question 14 here Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 11 Thermo exam November 2008 final . doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 12 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Answer question 15 here 15. Argon gas flows steadily through a turbine. The flow is entirely adiabatic. Entry conditions are 900 kPaABS at 450o C with a velocity of 80 m/s through an inlet measuring 75 mm x 80 mm. Argon leaves the turbine at 150 kPaABS at a velocity of 150 m/s. Work output from the turbine is 250 kW. Given the following ideal gas properties for argon R = 208. 1 J /kg K and cp = 520. 3 J /kg K, find: a. Mass flow of argon Inlet 75 mm x 80 mm p = 900 kPaABS T = 450oC V = 80 m/s 250 kW p = 150 kPaABS V = 150 m/s (3 marks) b. Outlet temperature of the gas. Assume change of height negligible. 7 marks) Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 13 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 14 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Extra page for working if required Saturated water properties Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep -08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 15 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 16 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer Formulary PV = mRT Q kA’t x P1V 1 = P2 V 2 T1 T2 Saturated water properties P V1n 1 P 2 V2 n n 1 Q hA’t A’t R T1 T2  §P · ? 1? ?P ?  © 2? n 1 n  § V2  · ? ? ? V ?  © 1? Q R CP CV Q UA’t 1 1 J W cp cv PV1 P2V2 1 n 1  ¦ 1  ¦ W  §V  · ? ? PV ln ? 2 ?  © V1 ? Q ‘ l = loD’T Q = m ‘h Q = m c ‘T ‘U P= Q 2? l’t ?  § ro  · ?  « ln ? ?  » ? r ?  ¦  «  ©k i ?  »  «  »  «  »  «  »  ¬ ? 2S rlk ‘t x mcv ‘T F A for all processes Q Q H V AT 4 hA’T 5. 67 x10 8 P Ugh ‘U W OUTPUT 100 INPUT Q V W m2 K 4 K= Q UA’t Mean t Mean ? 1 ? 2  §?  · ln ? 1 ? ?  © 2? 2  § V2 V12 m? h2 h1 ? 2  © T1 m h2 h1 S. T. P. = 0 °C and 101. 3 kPa N. T. P. = 15 °C and 101. 3 kPa Cwater = 4200 J/kgK For Air Cp = 1005 J/kgK Cv = 718 J/kgK R = 287 J/ kgK ? =1. 4 Q W mc p T2 g z2  · z1 ? ? ? Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 17 Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 18 National Diploma in Mechanical Engineering Thermo exam November 2008 final. doc Version 23-Sep-08 ?Mechanical Consortium Printed 11/04/08 Page 19 How to cite Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, Papers

Bankruptcy of the Kmart Corporation free essay sample

An analysis of the reasons behind the companys move to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. This paper presents an analysis of the corporations financial records in an effort to find out why the company chose to file for bankruptcy. It conducts a financial analysis comparison of Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart. Suggestions are made as to what Kmart can do to regain their status in the market. Kmart is a discount retailer with over 2,000 stores worldwide and at one time the chain was the leading discount retailer. Much of Kmarts troubles were made evident in November of last year when the company released its SEC quarterly report. The company cited an operating loss of $76 million compared at only $28 million for the same period the prior year. Kmarts operating losses had jumped from .3% in 2000 to 1% in 2001. In addition to the increase in operating loss there was an increase in the companys selling, general and administrative expenses. We will write a custom essay sample on Bankruptcy of the Kmart Corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This increase was $145 million for the 39-week period, which ended on October 31, 2001. (Kmart Corp (KM))

The Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films, Allegory

The Lord Of The Flies William Golding uses much symbolism in his novel, The Lord of the Flies, to help readers gain a greater understanding of his message. He uses symbolism in three important areas: objects that have symbolic value as references to ideas, characters that symbolize important historical and religious people, and the setting which frames the conflicts on the island in comparison to the whole world. Objects are the first part of the story that are symbolic. Many objects in The Lord of the Flies have important symbolic value. The conch shell represents power and authority, and Ralph uses it to call for the boys to come to meetings. Whoever has the shell has the power to talk. The conch shows how people use objects to give power, like a crown, sceptre, or other thins that show who has power. We also learn that objects don't really give power when people choose not to obey it, like Ralph's conch. The pig's head, or Lord of the Flies, is an important object. To Jack it is a sacrifice for the beast. This object shows that people will make religions and rituals to control their world, even when what they think is not true. The Lord of the Flies is also a symbol of Satan, or the Devil. When Simon talked with the Lord of the Flies, he learned what the real evil was, which is the evil in people's hearts. The Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the things we make up to be the cause for evil, when those things aren't the real reason. The fire is a symbol of hope and rescue. When the fire was burning bright, it was because the boys were working hard to get rescued. When the fire burnt out, it was because many boys, like Jack, didn't care anymore about being rescued. In the end, the fire that got them rescued was not meant for rescue. It was there because Jack was burning down the island to kill Ralph. This shows us that we get things from luck instead of hard work. The objects in the story are used by characters that also have symbolism. The many different characters on the island are symbols of important people. They show how the real world is made up of people. Ralph is a good leader who cannot control bad people like Jack. Ralph is like Franklin Roosevelt before World War II who could not stop the war from breaking out. He also represents democracy, and is responsible. The boys wanted to do what they wanted, but Ralph couldn't stop them. Piggy represents educated people who give advice but nobody listens to them. Piggy was like Albert Einstein because people didn't care that he thought the atomic bomb was bad weapon. Simon was a symbol of Jesus Christ because he knew the truth about the beast, but the boys killed him when he came to tell them the truth. Jack was a symbol of Adolf Hitler. He was a crazy leader who killed many people because he wanted power. Like Hitler Jack was dictatorial and ignorant. Jack started his own tribe when they should stay with Ralph, and Jack killed Simon and didn't care. Roger is even worse than Jack, even though he isn't like that at the start. He is like Dr. Mengele who was Hitler's worker and did very bad operations on people, worse than Hitler. Roger is like this because he makes stick sharpened at both ends. All these people live in an island that is like the rest of the world. The setting of The Lord of the Flies is backdrop that makes it easy to see the boys' wickedness compared to the wickedness of the world and people in general. World War II is going on while the story happens. The parachuter, that the boys think is the beast, shows that they cannot get away from war, and they have war themselves later. Parts of the island are also important. The beach is important because it is where Simon dies, and also where the boys live. Castle Rock is important because this is where the tribe goes to live. It is very small, with no food or soft ground, but the boys still go there because they can defend it. They think they must fight the beast and other boys, but they really have nothing to be afraid of from the

The Affects of Emotions on Job Satisfaction and Commitment in the Workplace Essay Example

The Affects of Emotions on Job Satisfaction and Commitment in the Workplace Essay Example The Affects of Emotions on Job Satisfaction and Commitment in the Workplace Essay The Affects of Emotions on Job Satisfaction and Commitment in the Workplace Essay The Affects of Emotions on Job Satisfaction and Commitment in the Workplace ?The workplace is an environment filled with all kinds of people and personalities that come together and work for a common goal. Since it is rare that two people will have the same personality types, workers will always have different ways to solving problems and finding methods to complete tasks. Whether workers express how they are feeling openly or keep to themselves, emotions have an effect on job satisfaction and commitment. Both positive and negative emotions will affect how a person will describe their satisfaction with their job (Fisher 185). Depending on their emotions, workers will either be more committed at the workplace or less committed, and this could change daily. ?Sometimes, emotions can affect a workers commitment while on the job; a worker could have other things running through their mind and might not be as focused as they should be. Even though some emotions affect their commitment in the workplace, it is their emotions that are caused by things outside the workplace that affect their performance in the workplace. A worker could have carryover stressors that arise from problems at home andthose stressors are brought with them into the workplace (Schieman, McBrier and Van Gundy 138). Some daysemployees might be angry because they have so many things to do and not have enough time to do it, or worried about something or someone. When employees do allow their emotions that arousefrom home to affect them while they are at work, doesn’t necessarily mean that they aren’t going to work, it simply means that they will not be as focused because it is affecting their work-role (Schieman, McBrier and Van Gundy 138). This isn’t hard to understand either because as more and more women are joining the work force every day, many families have to share the household roles, as each has their own work roles as well. This means that men as well as women, have a larger amount of responsibility in their everyday lives and sometimes that can spillover intoworkplace causing some employees to allow this to affect their work. And while this affects job commitment, it also affects a workers job satisfaction. When discussing emotions in the workplace, one needs to realize that emotions can change very quickly, and workers could even feel different emotions at the same time. The New York Times did a survey in 2005, finding that employees that were closely supervised and isolated were feeling depressed in the workplace. Much of the satisfaction that employees get from the workplace comes from the work itself (Fisher 188). Emotions can change very quickly, an employee could be happy until their boss comes u p to them and tells them that they have to turn in a file by five o’clock, and the employeehasn’t even started working on it yet. When non work stressors spillover into the work place it can also affect job rewards and status (Schieman, McBrier and Van Gundy 141). When an employee doesn’t feel like they are achieving much in the workplace, it can lead to a decrease in job satisfaction. Emotions easily change from positive to negative or the other way around, and depending on the moment an employee’s satisfaction will differ, however it is highly unlikely that a worker will both very unhappy and very happy at the same time (Fisher 188). So job satisfaction depends on worker and how they feel about going to work. Obviously those who enjoy going to work and enjoy what they do at work will have a high sense of job satisfaction. While those who are stuck in a cubicle all day and don’t communicate with anyone won’t have the same sense of job satisfaction. ?I have had a job where I could not stand the thought of going to work, knowing that I would be doing the same thing as I did yesterday and it wasn’t going to change. In high school, I worked for my best friend’s father and he hired me as an assistant file clerk. My job was to make sure all the bills were paid for and filed in the correct folder. I sat at a desk all day, away from everyone else at the office and had to do the same thing everyday all summer. I just got bored from doing the same thing over and over every day for two months straight. Whenever I got the chance I would leave my desk and go see what everyone else was doing mainly because I just needed to break the monotonous work I had been doing for hours. It just seemed like everyone who was working there, hated it. Everyone was doing their own thing and really wasn’t interacting with the other workers in the business. I just didn’t understand how someone can hire all these people and not allow them to exchange ideas or ways of doing things. ?In all, emotions have an important affect on job satisfaction and commitment in the workplace. Workers want to have a job that is they believe is meaningful and makes them happy. When emotions are brought into the workplace from outside sources, it will affect how an employee performs in the workplace. The happier a person is the better that person will perform and the more committed they will be in the workplace. References Fisher C. D. (2000) Mood and Emotions while Working: Missing Pieces of Job Satisfaction? [Electronic version]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 185-202. Schieman S. , McBrier D. B and Van Gundy K. (2003) Home-to-Work Conflict, Work Qualities, and Emotional Distress [Electronic version]. Sociological Forum, 18, 137-164.

Ethical Issues in Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issues in Management - Research Paper Example Hence, Brown and Trevino (2004) have tried to debunk common misconceptions about this term. It is important to note that ethical issues are never easy and the notion that it is not meant to be managed is very wrong. Therefore, it is very important to be wary of possible ethical issues that must be given attention to as well as an acceptance that the complexities of these issues require a very intricate process. Also, it is likewise important to be able to look into the strong possibility that the bad people in the organization that are usually the ones to blame may just be symptoms from a systemic problem in the organization. Hence, there must be a deeper examination of this probability and that the underlying problem must be solved so that there will be a lasting solution to these ethical issues. Character and Ethics Furthermore, there must be a stronger effort than the codes and programs in order to be able to take in these challenges and that there must be the realization and acce ptance that despite all talks about accountabilities and chains of command, corporate leaders cannot really take all the blame for their staffs or employees that go astray. Many leaders are formed by their strong character and an overarching appreciation of their calling (Gallos, 1997). Hence, the many people in the organization cannot be always influenced by their leaders as these people are However, despite the recent issues about these scandals, this has been going on since the time that humans basically started commerce. Indeed, Bowen (2002) stresses the need for a coordinated and strongly planned approach to these ethical issues and that these must be integrated within the organization and even in the vision mission of the company. Indeed, the role of the organization must be very prominent in addressing these ethical issues as this can be the strong force that will enable the company to be able to really direct their efforts at ensuring the maintenance of integrity within thei r ranks (Smith, 1990; Hanson, 1991). Areas of Concern Becker (2010) highlights the dilemmas whereby there are four major areas that must be considered. Hence, in dealing with ethical issues, the human resources must be considered since there lies the enablers and the possible causes of ethical problems. Moreover, the confidence of customers must be adequately considered since business confidence can be greatly affected when ethics crises sets in. This brings forward the next area of concern which is the possible sources of conflicts of interest that the company must look into in order to maintain a spotless record with their stakeholders. Finally, the company must watch over their company resources and how these are spent. Indeed, ethical issues can be very challenging and finding solutions to these problems has been greatly hampered by the aforementioned myths. Although these ethical issues go way back, it must be noted that the current trends in business and society has been great ly influential in its proliferation as well as in its recognition. Social networks have considerably grown in prominence at the turn of the century boosted by the rapid greater improvements in the communications capability worldwide. As such, Borgatti and Molina (2003) have pressed the need for an ethical framework that will govern researches made in these social networks. There have been many reports of privacy concerns arising from such

DISCUSSION AND REPLY TO A DISCUSSION( 4th year Nursing course) Essay - 1

DISCUSSION AND REPLY TO A DISCUSSION( 4th year Nursing course) - Essay Example The article also attempts to determine the extent to which formal FPDR policies exist in hospitals, and the level of awareness among the nurses there. Thus, the article has a great utility to the practicing nurses as it explicates salient issues about the practice of FPDR identified by nurses who responded to the qualitative portion of the survey. The conclusions of the study have great implications for the practice of nurses who experience family presence during resuscitation. "The practice of FPDR impacts both family members and members of the resuscitation team. Nurses weigh these impacts when considering whether or not to bring family members to the bedside." (McClement, Fallis, and Pereira, 2009). According to the findings of the study, the majority of critical care nurses support FPDR which suggests that the formal policies in hospitals to facilitate this process. Therefore, the article provides illumining insights into the nurse's perspective in regards to the presence of fami ly members during resuscitation and it also deals with benefits and risks of FPDR for family members and health care professionals.

Green marketing: Promoting environmentally friendly products

Green marketing: Promoting environmentally friendly products Abstract Green marketing is marketing of products that are environmental safe. Companies market ­ing their green achievements were once a small segment of forward-thinking organisations, but since grown into a group of unlikely advocates that includes an oil company and the worlds largest retailer. Environmental friendly production is vital in running future economies. By nature, plants take carbon dioxide from the air and give oxygen in respiration process. By doing this, they make ecology sensible and sustainable. Companies should stop polluting the environment and make their existence sensible and sustainable. They should go green. This paper discusses what is green marketing, and to what extent are companies inte ­grating its principles into their communications i.e. positioning green and green thinking into their operations? Paper also focuses on what is the effect of green marketing in the satisfaction of the needs and wants of consumers. The challenges in an effort of going green are also put in the paper. Positioning strategies for Green i. e environment-friendly products are suggested in the paper. Keywords: Green marketing, positioning green, environment Introduction According to the American Marketing Association, green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. Thus green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising. Yet defining green marketing is not a simple task where several meanings intersect and contradict each other; an example of this will be the existence of varying social, environmental and retail definitions attached to this term. Other similar terms used are Environmental Marketing and Ecological Marketing Green marketing refers to the process of selling products and/or services based on their environmental benefits. Such a product or service may be environmentally friendly in itself or produced and/or packaged in an environmentally friendly way. The obvious assumption of green marketing is that potential consumers will view a product or services greenness as a benefit and base their buying decision accordingly. The not-so-obvious assumption of green marketing is that consumers will be willing to pay more for green products than they would for a less-green comparable alternative product an assumption that, in my opinion, has not been proven conclusively. While green marketing is growing greatly as increasing numbers of consumers are willing to back their environmental consciousnesses with their dollars, it can be dangerous. The public tends to be sceptical of green claims, to begin with and companies can seriously damage their brands and their sales if a green claim is discovered to be false or contradicted by a companys other products or practices. Presenting a product or service as green when its not is called greenwashing. Green marketing can be a very powerful marketing strategy though when its done right. Also Known as: Environmental Marketing, Ecological Marketing, Eco-Marketing. Common Misspellings: Geen marketing, gren marketing. Example: Chads green marketing campaign bombed bec Environmental Product Strategies There are a large number of environmental issues impacting on the production of goods and products. For example: What is the impact of production, sourcing of materials and packaging on the environment? Can minimum levels of packaging and/or environmentally friendly packaging be achieved without compromising product quality or appeal? Supplier practices i.e. are they at least as environmentally friendly as the organisation they are supplying? Environmentally friendly products can increase and decrease production costs; environmentally friendly production may increase costs for organisations and their suppliers but this may be offset by lower fuel bills through energy efficiency measures or an increase in sales caused by a positive product image. An organisation may able to pass increases in production costs (caused by EFS) to consumers. However, this will depend on the level of increase, type of consumer, competitor prices for the same type of product and the strength of the economy. For example during times of recession consumers will place price above many if not all of the factors making up the marketing mix. Environmental Place Strategies All organisations will need to carefully time when their product reaches consumers; exact time of distribution will depend on the product or service being distributed. Such timing may have an environmental implication. Some products will need to reach the consumer shortly after production for example fresh food in order to retain freshness, taste or nutritional value. The fastest method of distribution may damage the environment. Conversely a more environmentally friendly method e.g. via canals may impact on speed of distribution and consequently quality of the product. A method of distribution that combines speed with environmentally friendliness may increase distribution costs as some of these processes are still under development e.g. electric vehicles. In addition to the type of transport used for distribution, an organisation will need to review distribution techniques; For example timing deliveries so that they occur during off peak hours and do not contribute to congestion. Some organisations attempt to make fewer deliveries, whilst others promote concentrated products (e.g. fabric conditioner) as they increase the number of products that can carried in each delivery vehicle. Even if environmentally friendly distribution is not at the top of an organisations list of priorities, government policies may elevate it to the top. Congestion charging and low emission zones have been introduced in the London. Apart from the obvious increase in costs emanating from observance of such policies, a failure to observe environmentally friendly rules and regulations will lead to fines and sanctions and consequently negative publicity. After reviewing internal distribution methods an organisation will need to review supplier and subcontractor distribution as consumers and the media expect organisations claiming environmental credentials to only liaise with other environmentally friendly organisations.. For example do the subcontractors use Bio-fuel? Are the subcontractors actively managing their carbon footprint or energy use? Environmental Promotion Strategies Due to the consumer, celebrity and government appetite for protecting the environment environmentally friendly practices are used as promotional tools. For example the award of ISO 14001 (which certifies that an organisation has certain environmental standards, as certified by an independent external auditing organisation) is often quoted in marketing literature. Product packaging that can be recycled will have a message on the packaging clearly stating the recycling properties for the packaging. Similarly organic products will be labelled, not only on the packaging but also around the shelving displaying the organic produce. Some organisations have sought to reduce costs through the promotion of environmentally friendly strategies. The use of carrier bags has changed dramatically in the UK over the last 2-3 years. Retailers actively promote the benefit of reusable bags as they have many benefits Lower costs for the retailer Consumers feel good as they believe that the use of a reusable bag is helping the environment Fewer carrier bags go to landfill Another example is hotels offering guests the opportunity to engage in fewer linen and towel changes. Such strategy is environmentally friendly as it reduces the use of detergents and energy but it also reduces costs for the hotel and improves corporate image. Some organisations providing products and services which may harm the environment have added off setting methods to their portfolios and marketing literature. The idea behind off setting is that the consumer is offered the opportunity to indirectly engage in an activity (such as tree planting) that benefits the environment and therefore balances/evens out the damage they caused for example through flying. Such schemes attempt to ease the consumers conscience and retain a positive image for the organisation providing the environmentally unfriendly product or service. Environmental Pricing Strategies Throughout this article we have discussed how environmentally friendly strategies can either increase or decrease organisational costs. The ideal marketing mix is a reduction in costs and/or an increased in costs which is exceeded by an increase in profits. Pricing must reflect the demand for the product an incorrectly priced product will reduce demand; this is now further complicated by the impact environmental issues have on pricing. If an organisation is paying more for raw materials because the supplier is environmentally friendly it may decide to pass on this price increase to the consumer, the amount the ideal amount will be dictated by the target consumer. On the other hand companies cutting costs and increasing profits at the expense of the environment may be risking negative publicity, fines, sanctions or may simply lose out to organisations actively promoting their environmentally friendly practices even if such competitors offer more expensive products and services. Summary The environmental marketing mix is becoming extremely important in todays business world. Firms will have to carefully manage this mix if they are to successfully operate in a world which is becoming increasingly aware of climatic changes. Wheres the beef? may not be the most accurate phrase, but its the first that comes to mind. Seriously, thats the only thought I could come up with in the face of this news: McDonalds is swapping out the red in its logo for a deep hunter green to tout its environmental credentials in Europe. From an Associated Press article by Mary MacPherson Lane: About 100 German McDonalds restaurants will make the change by the end of 2009, the company said in a statement Monday. Some franchises in Great Britain and France have already started using the new color scheme behind their Golden Arches. This is not only a German initiative but a Europe-wide initiative, Martin Nowicki, McDonalds Germany spokesman, told The Associated Press. [] The company has warmed to greener practices, including environmentally friendly refrigeration and converting used oil into biodiesel fuel. With this new appearance we want to clarify our responsibility for the preservation of natural resources. In the future we will put an even larger focus on that, Hoger Beek, vice chairman of McDonalds Germany, said in the statement. Leaving aside the fundamental unsustainability of the fast food industry as a whole, this is not to say that there is nothing behind McDonalds claims of environmental action the company is working on green buildings, electric vehicles and published a report earlier this year highlighting its best green efforts. Who are the green consumers? Understanding the demographics of green consumerism can help entrepreneurs explore the environmental market, and home in on likely prospects. Research has shown that green consumers: are sincere in their intentions, with a growing commitment to greener lifestyles; almost always judge their environmental practices as inadequate; do not expect companies to be perfect in order to be considered green. Rather, they look for companies that are taking substantive steps and have made a commitment to improve. However, they also: tend to overstate their green behaviour, including the number of green products they actually use; want environmental protection to be easy, and not to entail major sacrifices; tend to distrust companies environmental claims, unless they have been independently verified; lack knowledge about environmental issues, and tend not to trust themselves to evaluate scientific information about environmental impacts. However, at the same time they are eager to learn, and this means that consumer education is one of the most effective strategies that entrepreneurs can use. The most responsive age group tends to be young adults, many of whom are influenced by their children. In addition, women are a key target for greener products, and often make purchases on behalf of men. The best green customers are people with more money to spend. As a result, the most promising products for greening tend to be at the higher end of the market. The most promising outlets for green products are retail stores frequented by better-off shoppers. In general, green consumers have the education and intellectual orientation to appreciate value; they will understand evidence that is presented in support of environmental claims. In the US, children and teens are generally more concerned than adults about the environment, and are more knowledgeable about green alternatives. Increasingly, they influence their parents purchasing decisions. Equally importantly, millions of them will reach adulthood in the next decade, and gain purchasing power of their own. At the opposite end of the age spectrum, US consumers born before the 1950s are the least green. As their numbers diminish, their share of consumer purchases will dwindle. In Canada, children and parents alike tend to have strong environmental concerns. Older people, too, tend to be active green purchasers.

The Glass Industry in India

The glass industry in India. The modern Indian glass industry is around 100 years old. In the first half of the last century the industry was rather primitive, melting the glass in pot furnaces and small tank furnaces that were fuelled by either coal or gas–although some furnaces at the coastal cities used furnace oil. From the early 1950s the glass industry started manufacturing using modern equipment, both for melting and production. Collaboration with multinational companies gave a boost to the industry.It was in the lost decade of the twentieth century that the Indian glass industry started to seriously compete globally, installing improved furnaces to conserve energy and therefore reduce the cost of production. The cheaper availability of natural gas in some parts of the country also enabled the industry to reduce energy costs to some extent, and the flat glass industry upgraded to the float process. India now has four float glass plants, although there are still a few sh eet glass manufacturing units in operation using both the Fourcault and PPG processes.The manufacture of figured glass is well established in India. Container glass production has benefited from the addition of higher capacity manufacturing units during the past decade, and this part of the industry is doing fairly well. The flask linings sector has earned a niche in the export market, as well as meeting the domestic requirement. The manufacture of glass bangles has moved to the semi automatic process and India has its own technology in the bangle and glass bead sector. Research is currently being undertaken for the technological improvement of the finishing process.There has been a quantum leap in glass fibre manufacture with new multinational entrants and a substantial growth in exports. The tableware industry was badly hit with imports and is slowly recovering, acquiring modern equipment to upgrade the sector. There is potential for foreign collaboration here. Ophthalmic glass is still being imported into India and there is scope for putting modern manufacturing units in place. The industry is progressing steadily and will hopefully reach global standards in the weaker sectors as well as in those that are currently strong.Indian glass industry overview. http://www. allbusiness. com/nonmetallic-mineral/glass-glass-manufacturing/85938 9-1. html Date: Tuesday, November 1 2005 At the 61st annual session of the All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation, held in New Delhi last September, retiring President, Sanjay Somany reviewed key issues facing the local glass industry, in the presence of Dr Ajay Dua, Secretary (IPP), Ministry of Commerce and Industries, Government of India. A summary of Sanjay Somany's presentation is given below, together with details of the federation's newly elected officers.Despite the uncertainties associated with two consecutive coalition governments, the Indian economy has undergone rapid and all-encompassing change, clearly indicating the strengths of Indian democracy. Economic policy changes have eased out Indian enterprise from governmental control towards globalisation of the economy. These measures have borne fruit and the economy is on a steady progressive path. In spite of petroleum price hikes, inflation is under control and the national economy is expected to grow by around 7%.The balance of payments continues to be favourable and India has comfortable foreign exchange reserves. Promoting the industry Since its inception in 1944, the All India Glass Manufacturers' Federation has been promoting the cause of all segments of the local glass industry. Sustained efforts are being made by members of the federation to promote the industry's growth and development. Diversified capabilities The Indian glass industry has a rich history. From mouth blown and hand working processes, it has taken to automation in a big way, although traditional manufacturing processes have not been abandoned.Mouth blown and handcraft ed glassware have a dominant role in decorative and table glassware, products which are exported in large quantities. The majority of raw materials required by the industry are available locally, providing excellent scope for growth and development. Flat glass Despite the closure of certain sheet glass manufacturing units, total flat glass production has increased via the establishment of new float lines. There has been an increase in demand for float glass as a result of increased investment from the construction and automotive sectors.Float glass manufacturers are gearing up to meet this demand and are planning to increase their installed capacities. Containers Glass container production has more than doubled from approximately 800,000 tonnes in 1997-98 to some 1. 7 million tonnes in 2004-05. This is despite the stiff competition faced from alternative packaging materials. Production levels increased by 5% in the last 12 months, emphasising the continued importance of the material as a preferred packing material in view of its transparency, chemical inertness, impermeability and ability to maintain the optimum freshness of its contents.Tableware The massive surge of imports, especially from China, continues to impact the local glass tableware industry, with large quantities of opal and crystal ware being dumped in the market. The price at which these items are being sold shows that either all or most goods have reached the market by avoiding customs duty payments. This has resulted in the underutilisation of installed capacity and is adversely affecting the profitability of local manufacturers. ExportsDramatically increased Levels of glass and glassware exports have been recorded in recent years, from US$35 million in 1993-94 to US$200 million in 2002-03 and US$227 million in 2003-04 (all figures ore approximate currency conversions : Ed). In the last 12 months, increasing production costs have slowed the rate of growth, however, to a level of US$234 million . Products to achieve strong export growth in 2004-05 were glass fibre, ophthalmic Lenses, glass lampware, containers, bangles, table/ kitchenware, mirrors, glass beads and false pearls.Export shortfalls were recorded for vacuum flasks and refills, unworked sheet glass, VIALS, float glass and scientific glassware. New AIGMF officers Elected to replace Sanjay Somany as President of the AIGMF for the current term of office is PK Kheruka, Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Borosil Glassworks Ltd, Mumbai. His successor as Senior Vice President is Satish Kumar Jhunjhunwala of Shree Gobinddeo Glass Works Ltd, Kolkata. Newly elected to the role of Vice President is Mukul Somany from Hindusthan National Glass ; Industries Ltd. Honorary General Secretary is SC Bansat

Christianity vs. Greek Mythology Essay

Throughout many ages religion has been a very important part of history. It shaped many cultures and allowed us to better understand many civilizations. Two of these cultures are those of the Christians and Greeks. Both have similarities and differences in their religious beliefs that have been compared often and I have chosen to discuss the similarities and differences of Christianity and ancient Greek mythology. Christianity is a monotheistic religion, or belief in only one God, and spiritual practices are based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as written in the New Testament of the Bible, with the role of Jesus as savior and the Son of God. Greek mythology is a polytheistic religion, which is the belief in and worship of multiple deities, called gods and goddesses, belonging to the culture of ancient Greece. Even though their definitions are different, the faith of Christianity and one God and the culture of the Greeks in mythology of many gods are alike in a number of ways. To begin, in both religions humans believe that there are speakers for their God/gods. These people include pastors, priests and nuns in Christianity, and storytellers or prophets in Greek times. Furthermore, the people believe that their God or gods are above humans. Both cultures believe a god is above all mortal and of this earth, and he or she listens to people when they need help, and have supernatural power to help. This is why both the Christians and the Greeks pray to their God and gods for forgiveness. Another similarity between the religious beliefs of these two cultures is that they have explanations for many of ancient mysteries of life and major events on earth. The ancient Greeks and early Christians tried to find an explanation for the evil in the world, and both blame a woman for man’s downfall. Greeks believe a woman named Pandora opened a forbidden box and released all evil into the world. Christians believe a woman named Eve released evil after eating from a forbidden tree. Also, in both the ancient Greek and Christian beliefs of the early world, there exist stories of great floods that destroyed most of humankind. In Greek mythology, Zeus orders a man named Deucalion to make a chest in which he and his family can survive  the flood Zeus was going to bring upon the earth. In the Bible, the account of Christian beliefs, God orders a man named Noah to build an ark in which he and his family, and two of each animal, can survive the destruction from a flood God was going to send. War was also a common characteristic of both the ancient Greek world and of the Biblical world. For example, the Trojan War is a major event in Greek history, and is written about most famously in Homer’s Iliad. The gods always seemed to play important roles in this war, especially Zeus, Ares the god of war, and the other and goddesses living on Mount Olympus. Wars between Greek city-states were also common, with gods and goddesses almost always involved in them in some way. In similar comparison, the Bible accounts many stories of wars between different countries and religious groups, with God being involved in some way in the outcome or fate of the peoples. One of the most famous examples is the war between the Philistines and the Israelites. In this war, God interfered and sent a small shepherd boy David to save the Israelites. David does so by killing the giant Goliath, a super-human thing he would not have been able to accomplish without God’s help. These examples show the cross-cultural belief that war was an important event in the ancient world, and the gods, and God, played significant roles. While Christianity and ancient Greek mythology have many similarities, there are key differences. The main and most obvious difference is that Christian belief is about only one God, and its beliefs and commandments are written about in the Bible. Christians regard the stories told in Bible as actual historical accounts of important people, events and concepts of faith. Greek mythology had 13 major gods and goddesses, and many lesser gods. Different Greek cities also worshipped different deities. There is no book like the â€Å"Bible†, rather many collections of stories that shaped early Greek culture. In short, Greek mythology was created to be the Greek’s science for why things happened. Once they thought they figured out how things really happened, the belief in gods and goddesses faded away from Greek culture. The final difference I want to discuss to compare the ancient Greek creation story and that of Christian belief. In the ancient Greek story, at first there was only Chaos, a shapeless mass of darkness and meaninglessness. Out of Chaos came Nyx (night) and Erebus (the unfathomable deep). The first god to come into existence was Gaea, Mother Earth, though no one knows where she came from or how she came into being. Uranus, Father Sky, was born of Gaea as she slept. He became her husband, and together they had many children. One of these first gods’ descendants was Zeus. After much war between the gods and goddesses, Zeus became most powerful and assigned two lower gods the task of populating the earth with mortal creatures. With that task, one of the two gods granted so many gifts on the lower animals that when the time came to create man, there was nothing left. The beasts already had the sharp teeth and claws, the warm fur and feathers, the tough, protective hides, the wings and shells, speed, size, and strength. The wiser of these two lower gods was given task to figure out what gifts to bestow on man. The gods gave man a more noble, upright stance, so man would be above the beasts, with his face turned toward the heavens rather then down toward the ground. He also gave man an intelligence that reached much higher than the beasts’ mere cunning. In the Christian creation story, God was present in the beginning and He created the universe. At first the earth was shapeless and covered in darkness, and God’s spirit hovered over the waters. God said, â€Å"Let there be light†. And there was light. God divided the day from the night, naming them ‘ day’ and ‘night’. On the second through fifth day God made the heavens, commanded the waters to fill with living creatures and the air to fill with birds. On the sixth day God commanded the earth to bring forth all kinds of living creatures and He saw that it was good. God then said † Let us make man in our own image†. So God created man and woman in his own likeness and gave them authority over all living things. Adam, the first man, was created by God out of soil and given life by God’s breath. Adam named all the animals and birds that God had made, But Adam had no companion of his own so God caused Adam to fall into a deep sleep and created woman – Eve- from one of Adam’s ribs. In addition, unlike the beginning void of Chaos in Greek mythology, God is not a void of nothingness, but the beginning of all  things. God also remains the ruler of the entire world in Biblical stories, while the Greek Chaos is forced out by several actual divine beings, the most important and permanent of those being Zeus. In conclusion I found there to be many interesting similarities between Christian faith and ancient Greek religious culture, but one final difference is that Christianity is practiced today and the Bible widely read in many countries and published in many languages, while ancient Greek belief system has faded away and become the stories of fantastical books, myths and legends.my

Designing Plans For Current And Future Business - 930 Words

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